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- Women and the household in Asia, 22
- A world view of social issues1
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Loan Status
- Results per page : 50
the ermerging voices of Iranian Women writers
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Milani, Farzaneh
- Publish Year
- 1992
- Shelfmark
- NO 54 1992 - B
- Thesaurus
- schrijvers, literatuur, Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Rachlin, Nahid
- Publish Year
- 1983
- Shelfmark
- NO 32 1993 - B
- Thesaurus
- huwelijken, Iran, roman
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Corporate
- League of Iranian Women
- Publish Year
- 1993
- Shelfmark
- NO 62 1993 - C
- Thesaurus
- fundamentalisme, islam, mensenrechten, vrouwenorganisaties, Iran, pamflet
- Description
- De in Frankrijk gevestigde in ballingschap opererende League of Iranian Women heeft in dit rapport aan de kaak gesteld hoe het revolutionaire islamitische bewind van af de stichting van de Islamistische Republiek in 1979 omgegaan is met de rechten van de vrouw in Iran.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Guppy, Shusha
- Publish Year
- 1992
- Shelfmark
- NO 9 GUP - B
- Thesaurus
- Iran, autobiografie
- Description
- Shusha Guppy
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Satrapi, Marjane
- Publish Year
- 2005
- Shelfmark
- V IND 9 SAT 2005 - A
- Thesaurus
- strip, seksualiteit, Iran
- Description
- Embroideries gathers together Marjane’s tough–talking grandmother, stoic mother, glamorous and eccentric aunt and their friends and neighbors for an afternoon of tea drinking and talking. Naturally, the subject turns to love, sex and the vagaries of men.As the afternoon progresses, these vibrant women share their secrets, their regrets and their often outrageous stories about, among other things, how to fake one’s virginity, how to escape an arranged marriage, how to enjoy the miracles of plastic surgery and how to delight in being a mistress. By turns revealing and hilarious, these are stories about the lengths to which some women will go to find a man, keep a man or, most important, keep up appearances.
a memoir
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Rachlin, Nahid
- Publish Year
- 2007
- Shelfmark
- V IND 9 RAC 2007
- Thesaurus
- schrijvers, leefvormen, huwelijken, dagelijks leven, islam, Iran, Verenigde Staten, autobiografie
- Description
- This memoir by the author of four novels tells the story of an Iranian girl growing up in a culture where, despite the Westernizing reforms of the Shah, women had little power or autonomy. As an infant in 1946, Rachlin was given to her mother's favorite sister, a widow who had been unable to conceive, and was lovingly raised among supportive widows who took refuge in religion from their frustrations as women in an oppressive society. At the age of nine, Rachlin's father met her at school without warning and brought her to Ahvaz to live with her birth family. Miserable in the new household, young Nahid was befriended by her sister Pari. Both sisters developed artistic ambitions, but only Nahid managed to escape the typical female fate, convincing her father to send her to college in the U.S. Less lucky is Pari, whose life of arranged marriage, divorce from an abusive husband and estrangement from her son ends in depression and early death.
gender politics in the Islamic Republic
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Shahidian, Hammed
- Publish Year
- 2002
- Shelfmark
- B3586 - B
- Thesaurus
- politiek, overheidsbeleid, islam, revoluties, patriarchaat, verzetsbeweging, Iran
- Description
- In this book the changing conditions of women in the Islamic Republic of Iran are studied and analysed.
the changing lives of Iranian women
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Kousha, Mahnaz
- Publish Year
- 2002
- Shelfmark
- B4087 - B
- Thesaurus
- familierelaties, moeder dochterrelatie, vader kindrelatie, Iran
- Description
- The author interviewed fifteen Iranian women in Teheran, who originally came from cities and towns throughout Iran, and explore the relationships with their mothers, fathers, husbands, and children. They reflect upon the institutions of courtship and marriage and address issues of childcare, housework, and women's employment.
natural law or social construct
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Maher, Vanessa > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1992
- Shelfmark
- WER 39 1992 - B
- Thesaurus
- borstvoeding, natuur cultuur debat, geschiedenis, Tunesië, IJsland, Iran, Nepal, bundel
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Osanloo, Arzoo
- Publish Year
- 2009
- Shelfmark
- NO 31 2009
- Thesaurus
- mensenrechten, familierecht, islamitische wetgeving, cultuur, Iran
- Description
- In this book Arzoo Osanloo explores how Iranian women understand their rights. Since the installation of the Islamic republic the leaders of Iran used a renewed discourse of women's rights to symbolize a shift away from the excesses of Western liberalism. Osanloo reveals that the postrevolutionary republic blended practices of a liberal republic with Islamic principles of equality. Her ethnographic study illustrates how women's claims of rights emerge from a hybrid discourse that draws on both liberal individualism and Islamic ideals. Osanloo takes the reader on a journey through sites where rights are being produced--including Qur'anic reading groups, Tehran's family court, and law offices--as she sheds light on the nature of women's perceptions of rights. In doing so, Osanloo unravels simplistic dichotomies between so-called liberal, universal rights and insular, local culture. She casts light on a contemporary non-Western understanding of the meaning behind liberal rights, and raises questions about the misunderstood relationship between modernity and Islam.
gendering modern history
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Dudink, Stefan > (ed.)
- Creator
- Hagemann, Karen > (ed.)
- Creator
- Tosh, John > (ed.)
- Contributor
- Roper, Michael
- Publish Year
- 2004
- Shelfmark
- B6082 - B
- Thesaurus
- oorlog en vrede, politiek, mannelijkheid, revoluties, etniciteit, nationalisme, eerste wereldoorlog, tweede wereldoorlog, Nederland, Frankrijk, Duitsland, Iran, Zuid-Afrika, Verenigd Koninkrijk, Australië, Verenigde Staten, Brazilië, 18e eeuw, 19e eeuw, 20e eeuw
- Description
- Covering the period from the American Revolution to the Second World War and ranging over five continents, the essays in this book bring to light the many ‘masculinities’ that shaped - and were shaped by - political and military modernity. Preceded by extensive historical and theoretical introductions, the volume is clearly divided into sections on revolution, nation, politics and subjectivity
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Shirazi, Manny
- Publish Year
- 1984
- Shelfmark
- V IND 54 1984 - A
- Thesaurus
- literatuur, vrouwenuitgeverijen, Iran
comment l'Iran célèbre le mois de septembre
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Corporate
- General Federation of Iraqi Women
- Publish Year
- 1986
- Shelfmark
- V IND 62 1986 - A
- Thesaurus
- vrouwenvredesbewegingen, vrouwenorganisaties, Iran
the conflict with fundamentalist Islam
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Azari, Farah > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1983
- Shelfmark
- V IND 8 1983 - B
- Thesaurus
- islam, seksualiteit, emancipatie, Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Yuval-Davis, Nira > (ed.)
- Creator
- Anthias, Floya > (ed.)
- Contributor
- Caldwell, Lesley
- Publish Year
- 1989
- Shelfmark
- WER 1L 1989 - B
- Thesaurus
- gezinnen, rechtspositie, moederschap, overheidsbeleid, seksualiteit, nationalisme, Turkije, Australië, Verenigd Koninkrijk, Iran, Zuid-Afrika, bundel
- Description
- Over de positie van vrouwen in nationale bewegingen in Iran, Turkije, Australië, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Zuid-Afrika. Bevat de volgende bijdragen: 'Oh to be in England': the British case study / Francesca Klug: Women, nation and the state in Australia / Marie de Lepervanche: Mothers of the nation: a comparitive analysis of nation, race and motherhood in Afrikaner nationalim and the African National Congress: Sexuality and economic domination in Uganda / Christine Obbo: National reproduction and 'the demographic race' in Israel / Nira Yuval-Davis: Women and reproduction in Iran / Haleh Afshar: Women and the Turkish state: political actors or symbolic pawns? / Deniz Kandiyoti: Women and nationalisms in Cyprus / Floya Anthias: Women as the family: the foundation of a new Italy / Lesley Caldwell.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Fathi, Asghar > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1985
- Shelfmark
- NO 35 1985 - B
- Thesaurus
- betaalde arbeid, gezinnen, emancipatie, islam, Iran
women of Deh Koh
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Friedl, Erika
- Publish Year
- 1989
- Shelfmark
- NO 4 1989 - B
- Thesaurus
- dagelijks leven, agrarische beroepen, huwelijken, Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Sackville-West, Vita
- Publish Year
- 1991
- Shelfmark
- GR BR 54 1991 - B
- Thesaurus
- Verenigd Koninkrijk, Iran, biografieën, literatuur
- Description
- Vita Sachville-West Oorspr. uitg. 1926
state, community and household in modernising
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Agarwal, Bina > [ed.]
- Publish Year
- 1988
- Shelfmark
- WER 4 1988
women and the islamic revolution
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Reeves, Minou
- Publish Year
- 1989
- Shelfmark
- NO 1A 1989 - B
- Thesaurus
- politici, islam, Iran, Midden-Oosten
women, work and family
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Dube, Leela > (ed.)
- Creator
- Palriwala, Rajni > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1990
- Shelfmark
- WER 4 1990 - B
- Thesaurus
- betaalde arbeid, moeders, familierelaties, woonomstandigheden, huisvrouwen, Bangladesh, Iran, Zuid-Korea
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Najmabadi, Afsaneh > (ed.)
- Creator
- Hanaway, William > (medew.)
- Creator
- Hillmann, Michael > (medew.)
- Creator
- [et al.]
- Publish Year
- 1990
- Shelfmark
- V IND 9 1990 - B
- Thesaurus
- Iran, biografieën
an account of a journey across the Bakhtiari mountains of south-western Persia
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Sackville-West, Vita
- Publish Year
- 1987
- Shelfmark
- GR BR 54 1987 - B
- Thesaurus
- reizigers, Verenigd Koninkrijk, Iran, reizen, literatuur, biografieën, naslagwerk
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Kandiyoti, Deniz > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1991
- Shelfmark
- WER 8 1991 - B
- Thesaurus
- Iran, Bangladesh, Jemen, Egypte, Turkije, Pakistan, Libanon, islam, overheidsbeleid
in the higher echelons of the public and private sectors : a report prepared by the Kayhan Research Associates
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Publish Year
- 1975
- Shelfmark
- NO 5 1975 - C
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Millett, Kate
- Publish Year
- 1982
- Shelfmark
- VS 9 MIL - B
- Thesaurus
- reizigers, Verenigde Staten, Iran, biografieën, reizen
the struggle since the revolution
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Publish Year
- 1980
- Shelfmark
- V IND 1L 1980 - B
- Thesaurus
- emancipatie, vrouwenorganisaties, islam, Verenigd Koninkrijk, Iran
women in Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Publish Year
- 1991
- Shelfmark
- NO 1L 1991 - A
- Thesaurus
- vrouwen, Iran, brochure (vorm)
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Homayounpour, Parviz
- Publish Year
- 1975
- Shelfmark
- NO 2 1975 - B
- Thesaurus
- dagelijks leven, Iran
tales of a Persian teenager
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Amirshahi, Mahshid > (transl.)
- Creator
- Knörzer, J.E. > (introd.)
- Creator
- Farmayan, Hafez
- Publish Year
- 1995
- Shelfmark
- NO 54 1995 - B
the women's movement in Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Tabari, Azar
- Creator
- Yeganeh, Nahid
- Publish Year
- 1982
- Shelfmark
- NO 6 1982 - B
- Thesaurus
- Iran, islam, emancipatie, seksueel gedrag, vrouwenorganisaties
- Description
- National Union of Women in Iran=ETEHAD-e MELLI-e ZANAN.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Joseph, Suad > (ed.)
- Creator
- Slyomovics, Susan > (ed.)
- Contributor
- Moghadam, Fatemeh Etemad
- Publish Year
- 2001
- Shelfmark
- B2565 - B
- Thesaurus
- gender, politieke participatie, sociale bewegingen, vrouwenorganisaties, islam, Arabische wereld, Iran, Turkije, bundel
- Description
- De bijdragen in deze bundel analyseren de maatschappelijke, politieke, economische en culturele krachten die de man vrouw verhoudingen in het Midden Oosten en Noord-Afrika beïnvloeden.
historicizing gender and race
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Pierson, Ruth Roach > (ed.)
- Creator
- Chaudhuri, Nupur > (ed.)
- Creator
- McAuley, Beth > (ass.)
- Contributor
- Bannerji, Himani
- Publish Year
- 1998
- Shelfmark
- WER 1A 1998 - B
- Thesaurus
- vrouwengeschiedenis, imperialisme, kolonialisme, gender, etnische verhoudingen, Maori's, Aboriginals, zwarte vrouwen, latina's, seksualiteit, Nieuw-Zeeland, Australië, West-Afrika, Mexico, 18e eeuw, Iran, Ierland, India, Frankrijk, Oostenrijk, Japan, 19e eeuw, 20e eeuw, 21e eeuw, bundel
- Description
- De bijdragen in deze bundel beschrijven de omstandigheden waaronder vrouwen leefden tijdens het Europese en Amerikaanse imperialisme van de 18e eeuw tot en met de tweede wereldoorlog, Aandacht voor o.a. de houding van Europese kolonisten t.o.v. de autochtone vrouwen in de koloniën, seksisme en racisme, de troostmeisjes van het Japanse leger, joodse vrouwen in bevrijd Frankrijk, de Mexicaanse revolutie en de rol van vrouwen en feministisch bewustzijn onder vrouwen in West-Afrika.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Joseph, Suad > (ed.)
- Creator
- Kandiyoti, Deniz > (forew.)
- Contributor
- Swirski, Barbara
- Publish Year
- 2000
- Shelfmark
- B757 - B
- Thesaurus
- politieke participatie, mensenrechten, Arabische wereld, Palestijnen, Iran, Turkije, bundel
- Description
- Aandacht voor de politieke rechten van vrouwen in de Arabische wereld, van Palestijnse vrouwen in Israel, vrouwen in Iran en Turkije.
the courageous life and death of an Islamic dissident
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Darabi, Parvin
- Creator
- Thomson, Romin P.
- Publish Year
- 1999
- Shelfmark
- NO 9 DAR - B
- Description
- Levensbeschrijving van de Iraanse arts, die uit protest tegen de fundamentalistische regels van de islam zichzelf publiekelijk in brand stak op een plein in Teheran.
the religious debate in contemporary Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Mir-Hosseini, Ziba
- Publish Year
- 2000
- Shelfmark
- B796 - B
- Thesaurus
- islam, vrouwbeelden, wetgeving, Iran
- Description
- Aan de hand van o.a interviews met islamitische religieuzen geeft de auteur een beeld van hoe er nu in Iran er omgegaan wordt met de rechten van de vrouw. De auteur kijkt vooral naar de noties van gender in islamitische jurisprudentie en de visie van geestelijken en intellectuelen. Ze bekijkt hoe in traditionale patriarchale interpretaties wordt uitgegaan van complementaire seksen, maar ongelijkheid tussen man en vrouw.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Nafisi, Azar
- Publish Year
- 2009
- Shelfmark
- NO 9 NAF 2009
- Thesaurus
- schrijvers, historisch, Iran, 20e eeuw, autobiografie
- Description
- The author tells the story of her family. Personal childhood memories of growing up in Iran are related to the political situation of after the Islamic revolution of 1978–1979. The author writes about family relationships and her parents’ divorce, the imprisonment of her father, oppression by and resistance against the regime, about her studies and the importance of literature for her and finally about leaving the country and about her parents’ death.
the revival of Zina laws in muslim contexts
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Mir-Hosseini, Ziba
- Creator
- Hamzic, Vanja
- Publish Year
- 2010
- Shelfmark
- WER 3 2010
- Thesaurus
- seksualiteit, geweld, wetgeving, feminisme, islam, Indonesië, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkije
- Description
- This book examines zina laws in some Muslim contexts and communities in order to explore connections between the criminalisation of sexuality, gender-based violence and women’s rights activism. Zina is sexual intercourse between people not married to each other. The Violence is Not Our Culture Campaign and the Women Living Under Muslim Laws network present this comparative study and feminist analysis of zina laws as a contribution to the broader objective of ending violence in the name of ‘culture’.
islamism and the political economy of women's employment in Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Contributor
- Olmsted, Jennifer C.
- Publish Year
- 2011
- Shelfmark
- NO 5 2011
- Thesaurus
- arbeid, arbeidsmarkt, arbeidsverdeling naar sekse, globalisering, werkgelegenheid, islam, Iran, 20e eeuw, bundel
- Description
- The essays discuss the effects of globalization, modernization, and the Islamic revolution on female labor in Iran. The topics include the effects of international trade on gender inequality, female-headed households, informal labor market and immigrant women's labor market.
action and reaction
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Vakil, Sanam
- Publish Year
- 2012
- Shelfmark
- V IND 1A 2012 - B
- Thesaurus
- actiegroepen, politiek, overheidsbeleid, gender, islam, Iran, 20e eeuw, 21e eeuw
- Description
- The author looks at the rise and role of female activism in Iran. Since the 1979 Revolution. women have played a decisive role in elections and assumed political posts. This study assesses this role as well as the impact of domestic and international policies on women's activism, highlighting the contradictions between politics and religion within the Islamic Republic. It also seeks to evaluate political and economic developments and the transformations in civil society, including the development of a gender conscious society.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Tavakolian, Newsha
- Publish Year
- 2015
- Shelfmark
- NO 54 2015 - C
- Thesaurus
- fotografie, Iran, 21e eeuw, fotocatalogus
modern masculinities in twentieth-century Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- DeSouza, Wendy
- Publish Year
- 2019
- Shelfmark
- NO 1E 2019 - B
- Thesaurus
- mannelijkheid, identiteit, etniciteit, seksualiteit, Iran, 20e eeuw
- Description
- The author offers an alternate narrative of modern Iranian masculinity as an attempt to redraw social hierarchies among men. She analyzes debates about manhood and maleness in early twentieth-century Iran, particularly around questions of race and sexuality.
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Publish Year
- 2014
- Shelfmark
- NO 1A 2014 - A
- Thesaurus
- onderwijs, wetenschappelijke beroepen, betaalde arbeid, landbouw, industrie, dienstverlenende beroepen, leidinggevende beroepen, gezondheid, moederschap, kinderen, overheid, gemeentelijk beleid, sporten, cultuur, kunsten, historisch, Iran, 20e eeuw, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 21e eeuw, 2000-2009, 2010-2019, statistiek
- Description
- Brochure with women's achievements in Islamic Republic of Iran, from about 1977 till today.
women in post-revolutionary Iran
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Afkhami, Mahnaz > (ed.)
- Creator
- Friedl, Erika > (ed.)
- Publish Year
- 1994
- Shelfmark
- NO 1L 1994 - B
- Thesaurus
- islam, vrouwbeelden, Iran, bundel
- Description
- In de vroege dagen van de Islamitische Republiek Iran, werden door regeringsagenten en theologen alle wetten en gedragscodes met betrekking tot het optreden van vrouwen gewijzigd. Pogingen werden gedaan om vrouwen te verdrijven van de arbeidsmarkt en de sluier en andere restrictieve richtlijnen werden verplicht opgelegd op de werkplek en in alle openbare ruimten. Toch hebben ondanks al deze pogingen om hen te vormen naar fundamentalistische normen vrouwen een weg gevonden om hun rol zowel in de economie als in de kunstwereld gestalte te geven.
grassroots democracy, social democracy, and the origins of feminism
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Afary, Janet
- Publish Year
- 1996
- Shelfmark
- NO 6 1996 - B
- Thesaurus
- revoluties, democratie, islam, politiek, sociale klasse, etniciteit, gender, feminisme, vrouwenbewegingen, organisaties, Iran, 1900-1909, 1910-1919, 20e eeuw
- Description
- Analyse van politiek, etniciteit, klasse en gender tijdens de Iraanse Constitutionale Revolutie van 1906 tot 1911. Daarbij wordt ook aandacht besteed aan de invloed van sociaal democratische activisten en organisaties en het onstaan van drie concepten van democratie. Tevens wordt de opkomst van de vrouwenbeweging beschreven, alsmede de kritische aanvallen hierop door conservatieve moslim geestelijken
a report on important measures taken for women since the victory of the islamic revolution
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Publish Year
- 1993
- Shelfmark
- NO 1L 1993 - B
- Thesaurus
- emancipatiebeleid, islam, overheidsbeleid, Iran
memoirs of an Iranian Jewish woman
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Goldin, Farideh
- Publish Year
- 2003
- Shelfmark
- B5159 - B
- Thesaurus
- joodse vrouwen, Iran, opvoeding, autobiografie
my life with the Shah
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Pahlavi, Farah
- Creator
- Clancy, Patricia > (transl.)
- Publish Year
- 2004
- Shelfmark
- B6211 - B
- Thesaurus
- vorstenhuizen, mensenrechten, Iran, autobiografie
- Description
- Farah (Diba) Pahlavi, widow of the Shah of Iran, writes down her view on the ‘white revolution’ of the Shah in 1963 to modernize Iran by instituting land reform, women's rights and workers' rights. Communists and fundamentalist clerics opposed these changes and the Shah and his wife had to flee.
a memoir in books
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Nafisi, Azar
- Publish Year
- 2004
- Shelfmark
- B6210 - B
- Description
- The author wrote down her memoirs on the book group with female students she gathered at the university in fundamentalist Iran. She taught forbidden Western literature and describes in her book the situation they were in: hiding the books, removing their veils, giving their opinion on the literature they read.
American protestant women and the Orient in the nineteenth century
- Categories
- Book/Boek
- Creator
- Pruitt, Lisa Joy
- Publish Year
- 2005
- Shelfmark
- WER 8 2005
- Thesaurus
- protestantisme, missie, vrouwenorganisaties, India, Iran, Turkije, Verenigde Staten, 18e eeuw, 19e eeuw
- Description
- The author offers a new look at women's involvement in the mission movement, with a focus on the antebellum era. Most scholars have argued that the emergence of women as a dominant force in American Protestant missions in the late nineteenth century was an outgrowth of nascent feminist activism in the various denominations. This book suggests that the feminization of the later mission movement actually stemmed in large part from images of the 'degraded Oriental woman' that popular evangelical literature had been circulating since the 1790s and that the increasing focus on and involvement of women was supported by male denominational leaders as an important strategy for reaching the world with the Christian gospel. In the late eighteenth through the early nineteenth centuries, popular evangelical literature began circulating descriptions of women of the 'Orient' designed to illustrate the need of those women for the Christian gospel. Such powerful and widely disseminated images demonstrated to young American women their relatively privileged position in society and, throughout the nineteenth century, led many to support the cause of missions with their money and sometimes their lives. A belief in the desperate need of 'Oriental' women for salvation and social uplift was largely responsible for feminizing the American Protestant foreign mission movement