This publication shares new knowledge emerging from a wide variety of countries and from different cultural perspectives. Some western countries have experienced in recent years a focus on the “boy problem,” with an underlying assumption that issues of females and mathematics have been solved and are no longer worthy of interest. it seemed important to look at the issue of gender and mathematics internationally. Authors were charged to focus on gender issues in mathematics and focus on the issues that were central to their own research efforts, or were in receipt or in need of close attention in their own national or regional contexts.