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the Zina Hudood Ordinance of Pakistan and its implications for women
- Categories
- Article/Artikel
- Magazine Title
- Journal of International Women's Studies
- Magazine Year
- 2005
- Magazine Number
- 2
- Creator
- Imran, Rahat
- Thesaurus
- seksueel geweld, gender, discriminatie, moslima's, islam, wetgeving, recht, Pakistan
- Description
- This paper explores the trend of sexual violence against women that emerged in Pakistan with the introduction of the Islamization process through the implementation of the Sharia laws since 1979. The focal pont is rape and the state legislation that governs it, namely the Zina Hudood Ordinance and the Law of Evidence, and how the gender-discriminatory nature of these laws serves as a powerful weapon in the hands of the patriarchal society of Pakistan to suppress women. These laws and their rigid interpretation in the name of Islam have not only furthered oppression and sexual violence against women to an alarming degree in Pakistan, but also seriously destroyed women's chances of equal justice. The factors that led to the implementation and survival of such laws in the first place, and consequently how rape became a intimidating weapon against women, are discussed. The paper examines the various political, social, cultural and religous factors that contribute to this situation, and the legal and social complexities involved for women in seeking justice in rape cases. In conclusion Pakistani women's initiative in evolving and building an organized resistance and struggle for the cancellation of gender discriminatory laws are discussed.
- Categories
- Article/Artikel
- Magazine Title
- Journal of International Women's Studies
- Magazine Year
- 2005
- Magazine Number
- 2
- Creator
- Barcan, Ruth
- Creator
- Clement, Elizabeth
- Creator
- Collopy, Erin
- Creator
- [et al.]
- Contributor
- Young, Greg
- Thesaurus
- gebouwde omgeving, wonen, gender, racisme, sociale klasse, seksualiteit, religie, architectuur, internationaal
- Description
- In this special issue an examination of the topic of gendered constructions of space(s). It looks closely into the influences of space on our understanding of gender and the participation of space in cultural constructions of race, class and sexuality. This special issue also places the power relationships in taboo places by the gendered expression of religious architecture.
- Categories
- Article/Artikel
- Magazine Title
- Journal of International Women's Studies
- Magazine Year
- 2005
- Magazine Number
- 2
- Creator
- Beilock, Richard
- Creator
- Havolli, Ymer
- Thesaurus
- gelijke behandeling, gender, sekse, inkomen, armoede, huishoudelijke arbeid, etnische minderheidsgroepen, Kosovo
- Description
- The extent of differences in roles between men and women in Kosova is examined. Kosovar men devote 57 percent of their leisure time to earned income activities (i.e., agriculture, other self-employed, and hired), and only 4 percent to housekeeping. Kosovar women, however, devote 14 percent of their time to earned income activities and 65 percent to housekeeping. There are differences across Kosova's ethnic groups, with much less rigid gender roles among ethnic Serbian than is true for ethnic Albanians. Rigidly defined gender roles result in significant inefficiencies in the economy. Ethnic Serbian Kosovars have significantly higher incomes and lower incidences of poverty than their ethnic Albanian counterparts.
- Categories
- Article/Artikel
- Magazine Title
- Journal of International Women's Studies
- Magazine Year
- 2005
- Magazine Number
- 1
- Creator
- Kranz, Susanne
- Thesaurus
- emancipatie, gelijke behandeling, gender, arbeid, economische zelfstandigheid, overheidsbeleid, Oost-Duitsland
- Description
- Author analysed the womens movement in East Germany, and whether an independent women's movement existed or not. The state's policy toward women was primarily aimed in the direction of mothers, and not toward women as women. The women's question was included into the social question and the class struggle, and not identified as an individual aspect of gender relations. Gradually, women began to realize that emancipation and equality meant more than employment and economic independence.
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