This study suggests a way of looking at how embedded gender assumptions affect occupational health. Using a survey done by the European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB) in 2001-2002, it contains a general analysis of the data returned by the survey, a consideration of trade union action and community policy, and a description of practical experiences through nine case studies that show the potential for 'engendering' preventive practices. With list of tables. Original title: La santé des femmes au travail en Europe : des inégalités non reconnues.