Analysis of the demographic situation of the European Union (EU-28). From 1960 on, the EU population grew substantially to over 500 million people. Since 2016, there is a stagnation in the population and it is expected to decline in the longer term. While the EU population is ageing as life expectancy increases, fertility rates are lower than in the past. This has serious implications for the economy, healthcare and pensions. Free movement within the EU and migration from third countries also plays an important role in shaping demography in individual member states and regions. .The 'in-focus' section of the 2019 edition looks at pensions. It argues that concerns about the adequacy of pensions, particularly in the future, still remain.