'Results from an analysis of the main policies, legislative frameworks, and other initiatives to support institutional change for gender equality in academia and research institutions in the European Union. The analysis comprises the EU level as well as other national legal and policy initiatives in the Member States. The paper focuses on incentive factors identified in the Member States for promoting the uptake of gender equality initiatives by research and higher education institutions. The focus of the analysis herein has been on public research and higher education institutions, with particular attention being paid to how these institutions have taken up the challenge of tackling gender inequalities within their organisations.'
'In this publication an examination of recent economic developments, policies and prospects in India. Special chapters cover health, female entrepreneurship, the manufacturing sector and economic participation of women. The female economic participation is increasing and more and better employment for women has a high growth potential. Female economic participation is low, reducing growth and living standards. Many women work in marginal jobs and have much lower pay than men. A host of factors constrain women in the labour market, including cultural norms, safety concerns, lack of child care and poor infrastructure. At the same time, high unemployment among educated women, revealed preference for work in surveys, and low net job creation point to demand problems.'