This book examines the potential and challenges of current scholarship on understanding opposition to gender and equality in Europe. The book starts by theorizing the dynamics of opposition to gender equality policies in Europe. Part Two highlights oppositional actors (politicians, governments, citizens, policy makers, churches) and political arenas (parliament, courts, Internet), as well as different and opposing visions of gender and equality. Part Three concludes with a framework for understanding oppositional dynamics on gender equality change.