At issue here is the recognition of extraordinary variation of subjective positions and cultural identities. It is after all, a site of contestation over the demand of a wider space for a critique of black experience. This particularity and universality can also be found in woman-centered texts, and it is with this issue in mind that this article will explore the dynamics between race and gender in the poetry of Grace Nichols, a contemporary Caribbean-British writer.
Even before “intersectionality” became a buzzword in feminist circles, hooks has already been talking about the interlocking webs of oppression, a concept that most feminists associate with intersectionality. Despite her novel ideas though, most critics raise concerns about her inconsistencies, lack of methodology, and critical awareness. The author aims to re-evaluate hooks and propose ways to address some of these supposed contradictions. To enrich hooks’ feminist theory, the author proposes three main points: the emphasis on the crossing of borders, feminist solidarity and global transgression.
Ecofeminism, the focal point of this paper, deals with the connection between the oppression of women and the exploitation of nature. Oppositions such as culture/nature, human/animal, and male/female culminate in a myriad discrimination. Among many writers around the world whose concerns are the marginalized, one African-American and one Iranian female novelist are selected to be surveyed in this study. Both Ntozoke Shange and Moniro Ravanipor are caring for nature, women, and women’s aesthetics.