This report examines the relationship between gender and violent extremism and terrorism. The report assesses how gendered approaches to policy and practices relating to preventing violent extremism (PVE) and counter-terrorism (CT) can reduce inequalities. Its aim is to understand how, for example, the status of women and men features in their motivations for joining extremist groups, as well as their roles in and the recruitment patterns of such groups, so to develop effective prevention measures. The report reviews selected global policy frameworks on gender, PVE and CT, and discusses how they could further enhance responses to violent extremism and terrorism. Recommendations for relevant CT and PVE stakeholders on gender like governments and civil society organisations are provided.