A number of historical events of the twentieth century gave rise to migration, immigration, and exile to and within the European continent. This collection represents an effort to raise consciousness about the marginalization of exiled women - artists, writers, political figures, as well as members of ethnic and religious minorities.
Despite global undertakings to safeguard the full enjoyment of human rights, culture, traditional practices and religion are widely used to discriminate against women. In this volume 17 scholars approach women's human rights globally, regionally and nationally, combining the perspectives of public and private international law. Comprehensive legal, culture-based and theoretical overviews are combined with analyses of topical issues, such as unbalanced sex-ratios, intercountry adoption, women as refugees or as 'surrogate mothers,' violence against women and cross-border enforcement of protection orders.