The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and health-taking behavior of female students ages 15-18 years old in regard to dysmenorrhea and menstrual hygiene in suburban districts of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The main point achieved in this study was the necessity of educating female students about the menstrual period health-taking behaviors, including: appropriate nutrition, exercise and physical activity, personal hygiene, and appropriate use of medication based on physician’s prescription.