This publication presents the proceedings of a recent international workshop to assess the underlying causes behind the low participation of women in scientific careers, especially at senior levels, and to identify good practice policies to attract, recruit and retain women in scientific careers in public and private research. The full text of this book is available on line via these links: http://www.sourceoecd.org/employment/9264025375 and http://www.sourceoecd.org/scienceIT/9264025375 and http://www.sourceoecd.org/socialissues/9264025375