This study explores how gender matters in small-scale farm power mechanization in African agriculture, particularly in maize-based systems. It investigates how intra-household gender dynamics affect women’s articulation of demand for and adoption of mechanization in Ethiopia and Kenya. The study offers a conceptual approach to grasp these gender dynamics, a gender analysis methodology, and a set of recommendations. The study is based on qualitative data collection and analysis. The comprehensive analysis is built on field work in two countries.